|
|
|
|
|
|
CREATING
DIGITAL LIBRARIES:
selecting
materials for digital library projects
in
academic environments
CLICK HERE FOR A SUMMARY OF THIS PRESENTATION
WHAT SHOULD WE EXPECT FROM A DIGITAL
LIBRARY?
BASIC PRINCIPLES
CONTENT
ACCESS
NO DIRECT CHARGES
COMMUNITY / SOCIAL ORIENTATION
SELECTION
ORGANIZATION
SUPPORT SERVICES
GROWTH / CHANGE
TEXT and MULTIMEDIA
TRADITIONAL LIBRARY: FIXED physical location,
DIGITAL LIBRARY: INTERNET access.
DEFINITION:
A Digital Library permits, via Internet
/ WWW:
easy, open access, without direct charges,
to high-value, quality electronic content
which has been professionally selected
and organized to facilitate use;
services are normally backed up by
quality information, support and referral
services.
The electronic content should be dynamic
in nature;
it may reflect the traditional textual
orientation of many libraries
or take advantage of WWW's facility to
deliver graphics and multimedia.
FURTHER DEFINITIONS:
http://mingo.info-science.uiowa.edu/mccarthy/diglib01introductionSAMPLENOTES.html
ALSO NOTE:
HYBRID LIBRARIES
POINTER SITES
ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES
NETWORKED ACCESS
TIME
SIMULTANEOUS ACCESS
ACCESS VIA BROWSER
DIGITAL TEXTS
FREE
INDEXING
LINKS
RELIABILITY
REDUCED COST PER USER
SERVICE / SOCIAL IMPACT
PRESERVATION
LIMITATIONS OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES
COMPUTER, INTERNET ESSENTIAL
READING FROM SCREEN
PRINTER
LIMITED COLLECTIONS
FINANCING
PERSONNEL
DEFINITION
CATALOGING
SCRIPTS
BASIC PROCESSES IN THE CREATION OF DIGITAL
LIBRARIES:
SELECTION
IDENTIFICATION OF RIGHTS HOLDERS
NEGOTIATION OF RIGHTS
GENERATION OF ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS
INDEXING
SUPPORT
SERVER
PRESERVATION OF ORIGINAL
SELECTION
First phase
All subsequent stages depend on selection
EXAMINATION OF EIGHT RECENT CRITERIA:
CRITERIA FOR COLLECTING / DIGITIZING MATERIALS:
Cleveland, 1998
http://www.ifla.org/udt/op/udtop8/udtop8.htm
COLLECTION STRENGTHS
UNIQUE COLLECTIONS
COMMUNITY PRIORITIES
MANAGEABLE PORTIONS
TECHNICAL ARCHITECTURE
STAFF SKILLS
AMERICAN MEMORY HISTORICAL
COLLECTIONS
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/helpdesk/amfaq.html#8
CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL VALUE
EXPECTED DEMAND
INPUT FROM THE NDL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
ABILITY OF CURRENT TECHNOLOGY TO CAPTURE
CONTENT
MAKING OF AMERICA
University of Michigan
Bonn, Maria S. Building
a digital library, 1999
Antebellum period through reconstruction,
1850-1877
chosen for:
HIGH INTEREST
MATERIALS DETERIORATING
MANAGEABLE SIZE
OUT OF COPYRIGHT
SELECTION GUIDELINES FOR PRESERVATION
Janet Gertz, Director for Preservation,
Columbia University
1998 US / UK conference on preservation
Gertz, 1998
http://www.rlg.org/preserv/joint/gertz.html
SHOULD WE DIGITIZE?
SELECTING RESEARCH COLLECTIONS FOR DIGITIZATION
Hazen, Horrell and Merrill-Oldham,
1998
COPYRIGHT
INTELLECTUAL NATURE OF SOURCE MATERIALS
CURRENT AND POTENTIAL USERS
ACTUAL AND ANTICIPATED NATURE OF USE
FORMAT AND NATURE OF THE DIGITAL PRODUCT
DESCRIBING, DELIVERING AND RETAINING THE DIGITAL PRODUCT
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER DIGITAL EFFORTS
COSTS AND BENEFITS
DIGITAL LIBRARY WORK:
IN COMPLEX DESIGN SPACE
SHAPED BY FOUR DIMENSIONS:
Marchionini,
1999
COMMUNITY
TECHNOLOGY
SERVICES
CONTENT
SELECTION FOR DIGITAL CONVERSION
Stefano, 2000
COPYRIGHT
ACCESS
CONTENT
PRESERVATION
ANALYSIS OF TERMINOLOGY
USED IN EXAMPLES GIVEN ABOVE
CONTENT, VALUE, COLLECTION STRENGTH: cited 8 times
COMMUNITY, DEMAND, USERS, USE: cited 8 times
COPYRIGHT: 4 times
TECHNOLOGY: 4 times
PRESERVATION, DETERIORATION: 3 times
QUANTITY OF MATERIALS: 2
COST: 2
Details:
http://mingo.info-science.uiowa.edu/mccarthy/creatingdigitallibrariesanalysisofterminology.html
TRIPLE PARADOXES
THREE PAIRED CONSIDERATIONS
FOR DIGITAL LIBRARY SELECTION CRITERIA
(McCarthy)
CONTENT / CONSTRAINTS
COMMUNITY / INSTITUTION
MATERIALS / TECHNOLOGY
CONTENT
VALUABLE / RELEVANT CONTENT
Women Writers Resource Project:
http://chaucer.library.emory.edu/wwrp/index.html
American Indians of the Pacific Northwest
(U. Washington):
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award98/wauhtml/aipnhome.html
The Emma Goldman Papers:
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/Goldman/
Louisiana State University Digital Library
(Amistad Research Center):
http://www.lsu.edu/diglib/
Documenting the American South
http://docsouth.unc.edu/index.html
American Environmental Photographs (U.
Chicago):
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/icuhtml/aephome.html
Fragment of the fourth gospel:
http://rylibweb.man.ac.uk/data1/dg/text/fragment.htm
Florida Center for Instructional Technology:
A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust:
http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/Holocaust/
Nazi Book Burning:
http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/Holocaust/gallery/01622.htm
RADIO HOMEMAKERS
RADIO EVANGELISTS
TRAVEL ARTIFACTS
12 DAYS OF CHRISTMAS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
B-MOVIE PHOTOGRAPHS
CONSTRAINTS
COPYRIGHT
OLDER MATERIALS
Classical studies:
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/
Emblem Book Project:
http://images.library.uiuc.edu/projects/emblems/
University of Michigan: Humanities Text
Initiative
http://www.hti.umich.edu/
Pioneering the Upper Midwest:
Books from Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin,
ca. 1820-1910
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/umhtml/umhome.html
Early ephemera: catalogs from watchmakers,
bicycle makers from beginning of century
GOVERNMENTAL OR INSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENTATION
University of Iowa: Virtual Hospital projects:
Virtual Hospital:
http://www.vh.org/
Virtual Children's Hospital:
http://www.vh.org/VCH/
Virtual Naval Hospital:
http://www.vnh.org/
TRIBUTE-STYLE SITES
A Tribute to Kay Kyser:
http://www.ibiblio.org/kaykyser/
Note link to multimedia copyright guidelines
Jeanne Russell Janish Sketches and Watercolors
http://library.nevada.edu/gallery/janish/index.html
12 DAYS OF CHRISTMAS: Christmas cards
(PRIVACY)
COMMUNITY
LOCAL MATERIALS
California heritage:
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHeritage/
The South Texas Border, 1900-1920 (U. Texas):
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/txuhtml/runyhome.html
Champaign County Cultural Memory Project:
http://images.grainger.uiuc.edu/gcm/ccm/ccm.html
Aerial Photography Online Flights:
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/AerialPhotos/
ACADEMIC RESEARCH AREAS
The Victorian Women Writers Project:
http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/index.html
Books on Africa: Texas A&M University
http://library.tamu.edu/cushing/onlinex/africa/intro.html
The Jack London Collection:
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/London/
Core Historical Literature of Agriculture:
http://chla.library.cornell.edu/
Historic American Sheet Music, 1850-1920
(Duke Univ.)
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/ncdhtml/hasmhome.html
INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
Celebrating the 150 years of Coe College:
http://jade.coe.edu/~rroeder/opener.htm
INSTITUTION
COST
ADDING CONTEXT TO CONTENT:
INDEXING / METADATA / XML
ADDITIONAL RESEARCH
John Wilkes Booth playbills
Locomotive photographs
B-Movie photographs
STAFF SKILLS
SPECIALIZED STAFF
Edinburgh Engineering Virtual Library:
http://www.eevl.ac.uk
MISSION OF MOTHER INSTITUTION
RELATION TO OTHER INSTITUTIONS
REFERENCE SUPPORT
Internet Public Library: question-answering
service:
http://www.ipl.org/ref/QUE
Earlweb: question-answering service: Ask
a librarian (UK):
http://www.earl.org.uk/ask/index.html
MAINTENANCE
Develope, maintain, update site
MATERIALS
QUANTITY
MAJOR COLLECTIONS
The University of Virginia Electronic Text
Center:
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu
Chatauqua collection (U. Iowa)
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award98/iauhtml/tccchome.html
FSA Photographs: 112,000 images
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsowhome.html
Mary Noble Postcard Collection: Iowa Women's
Archives
http://mingo.info-science.uiowa.edu/Mary_Noble/
Catholic University of America: Karl Shapiro:
http://slis.cua.edu/dkb/874/shapiro/
SELECTION OF SAMPLE FROM LARGE COLLECTION
PRESERVATION OF ORIGINAL
QUALITY OF ORIGINAL
PAPYRUS / OTHER FRAGILE ITEMS:
The Tebtunis Papyri Collection
and the Advanced Papyrological Information
System:
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/APIS/
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/APIS/Images/index.html
VELLUM / MANUSCRIPTS
Digital Scriptorium: images of Renaissance
literature:
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/Scriptorium
HANDWRITTEN TEXTS
Mother Jones
http://slis.cua.edu/dkb/874/jones/
(letters from Mother Jones)
SPECIAL TREATMENT
Small-Town America: Stereoscopic Views:
http://digital.nypl.org/stereoviews/
FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Accents / Indexing
TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTATION / IMPACT
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
History and Politics Out Loud: a searchable
archive of politically
significant audio materials; National
Endowment for the Humanities
and Michigan State University
http://www.hpol.org/
National Gallery of the Spoken Word
(Michigan State University with NorthWestern)
http://ngsw.org/
Quicktime video of Cleveland Union Terminal
electric engines underway:
http://www.csuohio.edu/CUT/video.htm
Radio Homemakers
SCALABILITY
Mary Noble Postcard Collection: Iowa Women's
Archives
http://mingo.info-science.uiowa.edu/Mary_Noble/
MULTIPLE FORMATS
The English server
Formerly Carnegie Mellon University
Now University of Washington
http://eserver.org/
EASE OF PROCESSING
The Visual Front: posters of the Spanish
Civil War
http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/posters/table.html
John Wilkes Booth playbills
ILLUSTRATIONS FROM MAGAZINES ETC
Illustrated Book Study: Digital Conversion
Requirements: Printed Illustrations:
http://lcweb.loc.gov/preserv/rt/illbk/ibs.htm
RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES
Identify and characterize digital libraries in academic institutions
Rank problems faced in creating those libraries
Use six categories above to organize questionnaire / data
Evaluate impact of DL on use of library / materials
Determine attitudes of librarians towards DLs:
positive / negative; cost-effective etc.
FUTURE OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES
HYBRID LIBRARIES
Working environment for next generation
of librarians
SATISFACTORY PORTABLE READING DEVICE
MAKE AVAILABLE CULTURAL HERITAGE
TO SOCIETY AS A WHOLE
SYNTHESIS / AGGREGATION
CONTENT / CONTEXT
LIBRARY MOUNTED MATERIALS
COMMERCIAL MATERIALS / E-BOOKS
E-JOURNALS
DIGITAL AUDIO-VISUAL MATERIALS
FIVE NEW LAWS OF LIBRARIANSHIP
Libraries serve humanity
Respect all forms by which knowledge is communicated
Use technology intelligently to enhance services
Protect free access to knowledge
Honor the past and create the future
REFERENCES
Bonn, Maria S. Building a digital library: the stories of the making of America: University of Michigan Making of America project. Saunders, Laverna M., editor. The evolving virtual library II: practical and philosophical perspectives. Medford, NJ: Information Today; 1999; pp. 25-38. Z6789 .E88 1999.
Cleveland, Gary.
Digital libraries: definition, issues and challenges. IFLA: International
Federation of Library Associations and Institutions; 1998. (UDT (Universal
Dataflow and Telecommunications Core Program) Occasional Paper; 8).
http://www.ifla.org/udt/op/udtop8/udtop8.htm
Gertz, Janet. Selection
Guidelines for Preservation. In: Guidelines for Digital Imaging Conference,
Warwick, England. 1998 Sep. Joint RLG (Research Libraries Group) and NPO
(National Preservation Office) Preservation Conference
http://www.rlg.org/preserv/joint/gertz.html
Gorman, Michael. Five new laws of librarianship. American Libraries. 1995 Sep; 26(8):784-785.
Hazen, Dan; Horrell, Jeffrey, and Merrill-Oldham, Jan. Selecting research collections for digitization. Washington, D.C.: Council on Library and Information Resources; 1998. 18 p.
Library of Congress.
American Memory Historical Collections. Frequently Asked Questions about
the American Memory Historical Collections and the National Digital Library
Program.
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/helpdesk/amfaq.html
Marchionini, Gary and Fox, Edward A. Progress towards digital libraries: augmentation through integration. Information Processing and Management. 1999; 35(1):219-226
Stefano, Paula de. Selection for digital conversion. In: Kenney, Anne R. and Rieger, Oya Y. Moving theory into practice : digital imaging for libraries and archives. Mountain View, CA: Research Libraries Group; 2000; pp. 11-23.
FULL
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
http://mingo.info-science.uiowa.edu/mccarthy/creatingdigitallibrariesbibliography.html
FURTHER RESOURCES
New York Public Library Digital Library
Collection:
http://digital.nypl.org/
California Digital Library:
http://www.cdlib.org/
ibiblio: Center for the Public Domain and
U. North Carolina, Chapel Hill:
http://www.ibiblio.org/
Berkeley Digital Library SunSITE:
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/
Other digital sites (Sunsite, Berkeley):
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/Collections/otherimage.html
Research and development in DL field:
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/R+D/
National Science Foundation. Digital Libraries
Initiative, available research:
http://www.dli2.nsf.gov/dlione/
http://mingo.info-science.uiowa.edu/mccarthy/diglib02diglibraryprogramsSAMPLENOTES.html
Award winners:
LC/Ameritech National Digital Library
competition:
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award/online.html#request
Digital Libraries Initiative, phase 2:
Funded Projects:
http://www.dli2.nsf.gov/projects.html
List of Digital Library Federation partners:
http://www.clir.org/diglib/about.htm
Digital Library Net:
http://www.digitallibrary.net/
SOLINET: Links to Other Digital Library
Resources:
http://www.solinet.net/monticello/links.htm
|
|
|
|
|
|