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ELECTRONIC
INFORMATION AND ACADEMIC LIBRARIES
COLLEGE
AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
FALL
2000
TEACHING
NOTES FOR:
Budd, John M. The academic library: its
context, its purpose, and its operation. Libraries Unlimited, 1998.
(Library and Information Science Text Series). Ch. 10: Electronic information
and academic libraries; pp. 246 - 273.
NON-PRINT:
MICROFORM
Major legacy collections in academic libraries
Barriers to local transfer to digital
media:
copyright, expense, specialized equipment
Transfer by microform publisher: library
buys material again?
Microform collections likely to remain
maintain equipment, collections
Purchase major microfilm collections now?
Unlikely: digital media can easily be
indexed
Microfilm as backup for digital library
collections:
possible until digital tablet developed
IDC (Microfilm
etc.)
http://www.idc.nl/
Does anybody have experience with these
materials?
AUDIOVISUAL
Certain areas will continue to use audiovisual
materials:
Music, Fine Arts, Dance, Medicine:
separate formats, equipment
(until / unless all formats, equipment
converge)
Does anybody have experience with these
materials?
ELECTRONIC:
LIBRARY AUTOMATION
simply automated existing card catalogs
additional access points / Boolean access
to same information bibliographic descriptions
no improved subject access / post-coordinated
terms
no contents lists, reviews, comments:
rare in libraries (common with Internet
booksellers!)
distant holds / patron data only generally
available:
webcats: 1997-
currently rare, timid moves towards:
widespread Z39.50 searching
Future:
library catalog as entry point to universal
information
(or vice versa?)
linking to Internet resources
modification of MARC format:
MARC tags substituted by metadata?
Does anybody have experience with these
materials?
ONLINE SEARCHING
First major electronic / outside service
in academic libraries
formerly: complex search interfaces
intermediated searches
use limited by interview system
library often paid host for each search
Currently: simplified search interfaces
user searches directly
via controlled gateway
Dialog, Proquest: unlimited use
to campus against negotiated fee
or via agents: OCLC, EBSCO, FAXON etc.
Access from University of Iowa campus network
connections:
http://sirius.lib.uiowa.edu/cgi-bin/ovidweb.cgi
Does anybody have experience with these
services?
CD-ROM
First introduced in (academic) medical
libraries
Reference materials transferred to CD-ROM
Reference books: a dying breed?
CD-ROM: salable physical object, like
book
Originally: exchange ID card for disc
Stand-alone systems
One disc one machine one printer (Medline)
Now: licensing for campus-wide use
CD tower
limited number of simultaneous users
Occasional products: single-user licenses
CD-ROM: Short life or continued by DVD?
Does anybody have experience with these
materials?
INTERNET ACCESS
Ample free access now normal in academic
libraries
Filtering inappropriate; few problems:
relatively controlled environment
LIBRARY NETWORK
Same terminal / micro should offer access
to:
Internet
Webcat / Library gateway /
Online databases / E-Journals /
CD-ROMs
Secure / impossible to alter LAN
Virus-proof: no floppies
LIBRARY WEB GATEWAY
Essential entry point
http://www.library.arizona.edu/
Well-designed / organized / links to:
WEB CATALOGS
http://dpweb1.dp.utexas.edu/lib/utnetcat/
enter terms in separate boxes, select
operator;
limit to location / format / language
/
place of publication / year of publication
(note pop-up boxes for frequently-used
choices).
Catalog will even identify books with
special bindings:
try poetry and vellum (i.e. system indexes
words in notes).
Links direct to some digitized maps:
(e.g. try Kuwait and maps
select subject keywords if searching from
quick search box;
from picklist click on a long URL ending
in .jpg, .gif etc.)
http://www.melvyl.ucop.edu
Union Catalog U. California; Melvyl catalog:
"California Digital Library"
select long display for details;
includes some periodical articles:
select format analytics
sophisticated e-mail:
user can add note, include / exclude diacritics.
http://library.unm.edu/
University of New Mexico Web catalog;
offers MARC format, will export via e-mail
or to local disk;
will even download in MARC communication
format
direct to local hard disk;
Innovative Interfaces software
ACCESS TO NETWORK HOLDINGS
http://www.aladin.wrlc.org
Washington (DC) Research Library Consortium:
Aladin: Access to Library and Database
Information Network;
will show MARC format;
Marc format / save: will show communications
format
OCLC system
http://copac.ac.uk/copac/
COPAC:
(CURL (Consortium of University Research
Libraries) OPAC):
Unified web access to major British university
libraries
RECOMMENDED SITES
http://www.albany.edu/library/virtual/subject/
CONTROLLED ACCESS AREAS
online systems / CD-ROMs / E-journals
etc.
HOLDS ETC.
Permits holds,
gives patrons information on their loans,
holds
http://dpweb1.dp.utexas.edu/lib/utnetcat/help_due.html
Scroll down one page to:
Due-List/Renew Lists and Services
Tutorials / floorplans / photographs of
building
http://library.ucsc.edu/library/ref/instruction/skit/
Staff / bibliographers / e-mail address
for contact
Library mission / collection development
policies
Opening hours / regulations
Link to mother university / college
Link to other local sites: city, state
etc.
E-JOURNALS
Originally: full-text journals on CD-ROM
(ABI-Inform)
(direct or via Proquest)
Cataloging: major task
Range of journals could change
(microfilm: similar mass cataloging problem,
but permanent acquisition)
Now: e-journals: various possibilities:
electronic only (free / paid)
select paper or electronic
electronic version only available to subscribers
of paper
Free e-journals: treated like other Internet
resources
listed on gateway, not in catalog
Publishers undecided:
whether to permit subscription to electronic
only
how to charge (paper / electronic: often
110% of paper)
E-journals: indicate permanence of journals
or constitute a transitory stage
between journals and electronic communication?
E-journals: so far no relief from journal
price spiral
Guaranteeing access to e-journals:
controlled gateway on library site /
by IP address (on-campus desktops only)
Same gateway: e-journals, online system
(EBSCO, OCLC)
Cataloging e-journals: complex; two versions;
link from catalog to e-journal address
(permanent?)
http://www.lib.umich.edu/libhome/ejournals/
Include free e-journals?
Check-in of e-journals: trust agent!?!?
Back collections: electronic versions
may disappear:
future role of library: guaranteeing continuing
access to e-journal backruns!
(guarantee digital access to non-commercial
materials in general?!?)
SPARC: Scholarly Publishing and Academic
Resources Coalition
http://www.arl.org/sparc/factsheet.html
Cooperative alternatives to high-priced
publications,
especially in Science, Technology and
Medicine
low start-up costs:
possible to transfer journal publishing
to
professional associations / universities
etc.?
Create Change: A resource for faculty and
librarian
action to reclaim scholarly communication:
http://www.arl.org/create/home.html
International Consortium for the Advancement
of
Academic Publication, Athabasca University,
Canada
http://www.icaap.org/
http://www.lib.iastate.edu/library/scholcomm/homepage.html
Elsevier:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/
SYNERGY:
Combined list of Scientific, Medical and
Technical journals:
Links lead to contents list; full text
in .pdf files
Non-subscribers can purchase single items
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/
List:
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/journallist.asp
New Journal of Physics
http://www.njp.org/
http://southernlibrarianship.icaap.org/
DIGITAL LIBRARIES
Hybrid library: foreseeable future
Academic library as focal point for university
digitization program
Creation of digital library:
Identify items, editions, obtain originals
Obtain permission to digitize
Determine method (HTML, .pdf etc.)
Digitize and verify (scanning errors in
HTML)
Index: determine procedures, stopwords
Organize digital library site (mission,
citations)
Maintain on server 24/7
Maintain permanent backup / copy of original
text
The University of Virginia Electronic Text
Center:
1992- ; HTML-style texts:
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu
Berkeley Digital Library SunSITE:
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/
California heritage:
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHeritage/
Digital Scriptorium: images of Renaissance
literature:
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/Scriptorium
Search Plimpton MS 281
fourth image: elephant
Classical studies:
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/
Library of Virginia:
http://www.lva.lib.va.us/dlp/index.htm
World's Fair Photo collection
University of Michigan: Digital Library
Initiatives:
http://henry.ugl.lib.umich.edu/libhome/DLI/
Monographs / Smith / Family religion
(Lucretia Maria Davis / Poetical remains
(on t.p. as Davidson)
Traveling culture: circuit Chatauqua:
American memory project of the University
of Iowa Libraries:
http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/traveling-culture/
Mary Noble Postcard Collection: Iowa Women's
Archives
http://mingo.info-science.uiowa.edu/Mary_Noble/htm_folder/the_mary_noble_postcard_co.htm
COMMERCIAL DIGITAL LIBRARIES
netLibrary:
Pioneer; collections of digitized books
for use by members of specific communities
Academic, corporate, public, school libraries
One person at a time can read book(!!)
One page at a time: rapid page turning:
considered printing out, not allowed
http://www.netlibrary.com/
See Libraries / types of library
scroll down to sample e-book
Via consortia: BCR:
http://www.bcr.org/~shoffhin/2000/junnetlib.html
New start-ups:
http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/00/06/circuits/articles/15book.html
ELECTRONIC THESES AND DISSERTATIONS
Initial steps taken
May grow rapidly in future
XML formats being investigated
Many thesis authors aim at eventual book
publication
West Virginia University
http://www.wvu.edu/~thesis/
NDLTD: Networked Digital Library of Theses
and Dissertations
http://www.ndltd.org/
http://www.theses.org/
http://theses.mit.edu/Dienst/UI/2.0/Describe/0018.mit.etheses%2f2000-4
COPYRIGHT
University of Texas: Copyright Crash Course:
http://www.utsystem.edu/OGC/IntellectualProperty/cprtindx.htm
http://www.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/l-intro.htm
Copyright Clearance Center
1978- ; Licensing systems for reproduction
and distribution
of copyrighted materials in print and
electronic formats
manages rights relating to over 1.75 million
works
from more than 9,600 publishers
U.S. customers: over 9,000 corporations
(including 90 of the Fortune 100 companies)
government agencies, law firms, document
suppliers,
libraries, academic institutions, copy
shops, bookstores
Located Danvers, Massachusetts
http://www.copyright.com/
DMCA:
Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 1998
Non-profit library or archive can make
up to three copies
(e.g. archival, master, use copy)
for preservation, ILL, substitution of
worn copies
if unable to purchase copy at fair price
Copies can be digital:
Digital copies cannot be made available
to public
outside library premises
Can copy from one format to another
if original device no longer available
Amendments to Section 108, 1976 Law:
DMCA US Copyright Office Summary p. 15;
.pdf file:
http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright/legislation/dmca.pdf
Nobody can distribute digital copies from
which
electronic rights management information
(name of copyright holder, date, etc.)
has been removed (or modified) without
authority
Remedy: civil action for damages;
non-profit libraries, archives and educational
institutions
are not liable for damages if they were
not aware
and had no reason to believe
their acts constituted a violation
Nonprofit libraries, archives:
can circumvent protective software
in order to evaluate digital materials
to determine whether they wish to obtain
authorized access
UCITA:
Uniform Computer Information Transactions
Act
http://www.arl.org/ucita.html
ELECTRONIC RESERVE ROOMS
Similar to other fair-use restrictions;
small part of work;
use password for outside access;
multi-semester use: ask for license
omit author / title index to electronic
reserves;
access by instructor's name, course number
only
http://www.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/copypol2.htm#reserve
Electronic Reserves Clearing House:
http://www.cc.columbia.edu/~rosedale/#SPEC
SPEC Flyer 245
Electronic Reserves Operations in ARL
Libraries
http://www.arl.org/spec/245fly.html
Electronic Course Reserves at San Diego
State University:
http://ecr.sdsu.edu
Copyright statement from SDSU:
http://libweb.sdsu.edu/copyright.html
LICENSING
Sign only:
When certain that you have authority to
sign
After full review / consultation
After understanding all the terms
When certain that no better terms can
be obtained
Relevant considerations:
NETWORKING AND REMOTE ACCESS
Library wants to make information available
on campus / company-wide network
Supplier may wish to limit number of concurrent
users
Library will want remote access for authorized
users
Supplier may be cautious over this
AUTHORIZED USERS
Library: Members of institution in wide
sense:
University: include part-time students,
distance education,
community members / walk-ins;
avoid complex authorizations that create
barriers to access:
IP address / proxy server / frequently
changed passwords
Supplier: may wish to limit to formal
members
insist on secure access
OWNERSHIP OF DATA / ARCHIVING
Library: accustomed to permanent ownership
of material acquired
Expects permanent access for digital materials,
e.g. e-journals
If library cancels subscription
does library still have access to those
years / issues?
(Project Muse guarantees this)
Is there a print copy / alternative source?
(e.g. from dual paper / electronic subscription)
Can library make its own archival copy?
Can authorized users download reasonable
amounts to disc?
Supplier: may offer the library a backfile
in e.g. tape form
may even take materials down unexpectedly
PRICE STABILITY
Supplier may initially offer product at
low price /
offer large number of concurrent users
then increase price sharply / limit users
when library is dependent on product
INTERLIBRARY LENDING
Traditional / considered essential in
libraries
Treated by caution by suppliers
Considered possible loss of market
Can library send printouts to fulfill
ILL requests?
Can library send digital copies to fulfill
ILL requests
Is there a print copy that can be used
to fill ILL requests?
WARRANTIES
Supplier guarantees quality, modifications,
updates
Rapid, competent help-desk services
CONSORTIAL LICENSING
Library consortia now firmly established
Consortial licenses difficult to negotiate
Suppliers may treat with caution
prefer separate licenses
LIBLICENSE: Licensing Digital Information:
A Resource for Librarians:
http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/index.shtml
ARL (Association of Research Libraries)
Links to sites dealing with licensing:
http://www.arl.org/scomm/licensing/index.html
Note especially: Principles for licensing
electronic resources:
AALL / ALA / ARL / MLA / SLA etc.:
http://www.arl.org/scomm/licensing/principles.html
Licensing electronic resources:
http://arl.cni.org/scomm/licensing/licbooklet.html
FINANCIAL ASPECTS
All applications of electronic (and non-print)
media in library have been additional
to historic role:
depository style services
offering books and periodicals: then came:
microfilm, a/v,
automation, online services, CD-ROMs,
Internet access, e-journals, digital library
services:
all additional expense, specialized materials,
equipment:
so far no additional source of income
Future model:
Library as licensing center:
selecting / negotiating / paying
online / e-journal
digital coursepack suppliers
setting up digital libraries
for campus-wide access
likely perspective for the future:
very different from what has come
before
Will come first to special and university
libraries
Some possible return:
disseminating campus information to world
Sufficient to cover additional financial
requirements?
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
WHEN LIBRARIES FACED THE FUTURE:
ONLINE INFORMATION ISN'T JUST A NEW MEDIUM
BUT A WHOLE NEW WAY OF DOING BUSINESS.
HERE'S HOW RESEARCH LIBRARIES MASTERED
IT.
http://www.universitybusiness.com/0002/library.html
Negotiating the Deal: How Libraries Craft
Their
Contracts With Publishers
http://www.universitybusiness.com/0002/libcraft.html
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